The Naradaparivrajaka text describes the rites of passage associated with renunciation and the life of someone who has chosen the monastic path of life as a sannyasi in Hindu Ashrama tradition. The word Parivrajaka means "roaming ascetic". The title refers to the teachings of the Vedic sage Narada as a roaming sannyasi. Readiness to renounce He becomes indifferent toward everything; attains purity of mind; and burns away desire, jealousy, envy and egotism; such a man is fit to renounce. He has lost the fear of others, and whom others have ceased to fear. —Naradaparivrajaka Upanishad Chapter 2 The Upanishad, which is presented in nine chapters, opens by describing the tale of Nārada, a Vedic sage revered in numerous texts of the Hindu tradition, who deeply meditates in mythical Naimisha Forest mentioned in the epic Mahabharata. He is approached by other sages, and they ask him, "please tell us the way to moksha (liberation)". Narada, asserts the text, tells them that a man should first complete the samskaras (rites of passage in life), complete studies in Brahmacharya from a Guru (teacher) he reverentially loves for twelve years, then be a householder or Grihastha for twenty five years, be a Vanaprastha or retired forest hermit for another twenty five, then finally renounce if he has no more attachments, is calm, free from enmity against anyone. Upanishad states in chapter 8 that of the four states of ambulating, dreaming, delta sleep and turiya or pure consciousness, the omnipresent is part of the fourth state only. The text asserts the view also found in much older Sannyasa Upanishad, that a sannyasi does not do "social rituals, divine worship, propitiatory rites and such practices", he is beyond pilgrimages, vows, injunctions and temporal actions. The Naradaparivrajaka text is notable for describing the rites of passage at time of renunciation in a manner similar to those for the dying and dead, implying that the renouncer was leaving his world and the family, social and material ties that he had, and for his family and friends the rite was akin to they accepting him as deceased. The text is also notable for its description of how anyone in mortal danger may renounce, as well as describing the life of renunciation as the highest Yoga, as that of aloof self-content person who is a meditator of Brahman and Vedanta philosophy.